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Developed through the collaboration between the FIA and Dublin City University (DCU), this briefing note examines how International Sporting Federations (ISFs) conduct and report primary research on online hate speech in their respective sports, identifying the existing evidence base and approaches to understanding the issue.

Produced as part of the FIA’s research collaboration with Dublin City University (DCU), this report reviews academic literature on online hate speech in sport. Building on preliminary findings submitted in November 2023, it brings together existing scholarly research to strengthen the understanding of online abuse within the sporting environment.

Authored by Dr David Hassan under the guidance of FIA University, the 2023 White Paper sets out the FIA’s long-term, collaborative strategy to tackle online toxicity. It outlines plans for significant investment in research through FIA University and the establishment of what would be the first dedicated research centre on online hate created by a sports governing body.

Informed by industry experts, government institutions and academic partners, the White Paper was presented to FIA Member Clubs and the World Motor Sport Council. It highlights the scale of online hate, reporting that 80% of people surveyed across the European Union had encountered it, while 40% felt frightened or threatened by content they had read online.

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FIA Briefing Note on ISF and Industry Primary Research Reports on Online Hate in Sport

FIA Review of Scholarly Publications on Online Hate in Sport

FIA White Paper: A Strategic Response to Online Hate Speech in Sport